Make Collective Automatic Painting wasn't planned

"Worlds in Collision II"
CAPA painting from Freddy Flores Knistoff and Rik Lina (1991)
(acrylic, oil, ink, enamel and collage over canvas, 140 x 100 cm) 

When did the aesthetic-pictorial movement of "collective automatic painting" began?

Under this statement, several issues that deserve and require a small analysis to contrast certain information that sometimes appears diffuse and at the same time confusing with respect to the same origin of this movement, and for this, it is necessary to refer to Freddy Flores Knistoff, yes perhaps, the most important of the founders of this magnificent movement of automatic and experimental artists, being here where we break down and throw some small rays of light to this exciting story that in 2021 turned 30 and that it is already for 31 years. A confusing document is that of some photographs dated in November 1991 in which Rik Lina appears next to Freddy Flores Knistoff performing several automatic paintings in a gallery of art and about what appears to be an installation. The story behind these photographs is very interesting since it turns out that Freddy and Rik along with other invited artists (called in the publication as Droomschaar artists, something completely wrong, since they only participated in the publication but were not artists linked entirely to this anarchist-surrealist collective, perhaps in exception of Rik Lina) went to visit the exhibition of the Automatic Swedish-German artist K. R. H. Sonderborg at the Boër Gallery of Hannover and in which the same painter was going to perform a performance but that for reasons we unknown, the artist in question could not attend and were Rik and Freddy who offered to work on the arranged material. All in all, that was never planned and did not paint collectively but only painted "automatically" for saying it in a way. This vanishes the story behind these photographs.

One realises that the more one digs, the more one finds talismans that one has to look at closely, and that is what is happening with the history of CAPA, its foundation, which until now had remained hidden. And the more one digs, the more one realises that this movement of artists that arose in Amsterdam would never have arisen if it had not been for the activity of Freddy Flores Knistoff in his conversations with Rik Lina about automatism, Freddy himself tells us that they got together and created automatic painting, these conversations being the fruit of the discovery if perhaps by chance the objective of the foundation of Collective Automatic Painting, painting in this way was never planned. To this must be added that Freddy had already been working under experimental precepts that linked him to Modificationism and that from the beginning he promoted this career through the experience he had of other pictorial movements such as CoBrA, Roberto Matta, North American Abstract Expressionism and Modificationism (called in other ways according to its subject matter and application - Appropriationism, Ready Made, Interventionism, among others). It is also interesting to note that CAPA did not start out as CAPA, in fact, as Freddy tells us, it never presented itself as something closed or as an indissoluble group of artists, but quite the opposite, as a transversal and free space for the intellectual exchange of ideas linked to painting and automatism and that this "name" arose only to label the group of artists who worked at a key moment in the history of Collective Automatic Painting and that was in the exhibition "Phases-Surrealismo e Contemporaneidade del Museo de Arte Contemporânea de São Paulo en Brasil en 1997" curated by the critic Daisy Peccinini, which also labelled the group of artists under the title of "the new CoBrA", the first exhibition to refer to "CAPA". All in all, an exhibition which, as is well known, coincided with the bifurcation of its members Freddy and Rik, displacing Rik Lina within the parameters of International Surrealism, rather than Automatic Painting itself, and Freddy with his interests linked to "Modificationism" and "Absolute Automatism" in the same pictorial language. However, the most important of all this is that according to Freddy, "CAPA did not exist, I invited Rik to my studio to work, because he did not have a studio in 1991, and from there we created the first collective automatic paintings in a highly experimental period". In this sense, it is also very important to point out that it was Freddy Flores Knistoff who encouraged the Dutch painter to work collaboratively and that it was in Kennedylaan's studio that the first collective automatic works signed by both artists were created. According to Freddy, during this year's production, around twenty large and medium format works were produced, of which here are two magnificent works "titled" by Rik Lina as "Worlds in Collision". About this, we know that Freddy never liked to title the works as each work itself represents an infinite search for pictorial knowledge and that it refers only to itself. Nevertheless, one as a researcher is grateful for a reference for documentary purposes.

 

"Worlds in Collision I"
CAPA Painting from Freddy Flores Knistoff and Rik Lina (1991)
(acrylic, oil, ink, enamel and collage over canvas, 140 x 100 cm) 

Transformations in Surrealism, towards automatism / abstract expressionism, Édouard Jaguer and the Phases magazine

The Jaguer's (Édouard & Simone) were absolutely committed with the dissemination of the poetry and visual arts of the last international European avant-gardes. Édouard Jaguer (1924-2006) was a great poet and essayist-critic and his articles on artists from very diverse and remote places were published in several books and magazines such Terzo Occhio, La Main à la Plume, La Revolution la Nuit, Le Surréalisme Révolutionnaire, Rixes, CoBrA, Boa, Il Gesto, Salamandre, La tortue-lièvre, La Brèche, Aujourdh'hui, XXième Siècle, Ellébore, Les Deux Soeurs, La Tour de Feu, La Nef, as well as in the Phases magazine itself (from its first number in 1954). Likewise, the artistic (graphic design) and curatorial direction (documentary ordering) of this great magazine was completely made by himself. We also know that the magazine was self-financed thanks to a greates curatorship that in special issues included original work by the artists presented under the auspices of the magazine. These original works, as a rule, were in small format (usually signed engravings). However, it mus be said that Phases was not only a magazine. It was a new Movement. A new Movement that started in 1952 which sought to unify the visual culture of its time, the most historical Surrealism ideas and aesthechics with the "new" branches of the "lyrical abstraction" that Andre Breton always considered as the true forms of automatism and that Breton work together with the french critic Charles Estienne in its development. The early fifties is one of the most interesting moments of the Surrealism history due to the battle of its supresion in the History of Art or rememorance, great personalities of this time and its problematics can be found in the french critics Charles Estienne and Michel Tapié. Anyway, Phases standed up in the middle of this epic battle to reunite both movements and artistic tendencies under one voice, the voice of the Experimental Arts. Phases continued its activities until Jaguer died in 2006 leaving a vast catalogue of artists encounteers and ideas that today we continue researching. 

Édouard Jaguer was a link, for all artists linked to the historical Surrealism and historical Experimentalists in favor of the avant-garde and the progress of contemporary art of that time. The Jaguers invested everything they had in their task of advancing this movement. Jaguer had a business that made belt buckles. Also, he operated as an active art merchant and had a very good relationship with various galleries around europe and France. One of these is the parisian gallery "1900-2000" which still remains under the greatest curator Marcel Fleiss. Édouard Jaguer, from a young idealist and fighter, also participated with a group of French Resistance against Nazism and the invasion of France. About Simone, we know that she was a skilled collagist who, in anonymity, signed her works under the pseudonym Anne Ethuin and to preserve the Dada wisdom.

All in all, this picture it is an unpublish faithful testimony of this activity. Here we can see Freddy Flores Knistoff (founder of CAPA) presenting a series of works of his authorship to Édouard and Simone Jaguer. Édouard Jaguer was a great fan of CAPA's work (Knistoff branch), a pity that they did not manage to develop the exhibition project that was beginning to take shape in their minds due to his early death. This photo was taken in 2000 by a friend of Freddy and on the background we can see a large collection of paintings from greatest artists liked to the Surrealism and Experimental Art history, like Enrico Baj, Pierre Alechinsky, Toyen and Cristian D'Orgeix.

 Freddy Flores Knistoff at Jaguer's Studio in París. From left to right, Édouard Jaguer, Freddy Flores Knistoff and Simone Jaguer in 2000.

"The Wedding Feast", a CAPA "Automatic Collaborative Modification" from 1997

"The Wedding Feast" (acrylic, 80 x 60cm) is an unpublished "collaborative modification painting" of CAPA components James Burns and Carlos Re, signed and dated in 1997, over a large format reproduction of namesake title (c. 1567) painted by the dutch master, linked to the sixteenth-century painting, Pieter Brueghel the Elder. About the original painting of Brueghel, displayed here we know that this masterpiece was part of his "peasant life" paintings done between (1567/1568). This paintings illustrated the peasant life from northern europe, being the most outstanding examples of Brueghel's late style, which is characterized by his use of monumental Italianate figures. In fact, it was paintings of this type which caused Brueghel to be known as the Peasant Brueghel. In addition, we know that he was a leading member of a highly circle in Antwerp. With our increasing knowledge of the symbolism contained in much sixteenth-century northern painting, it seems likely that, in addition to the obvious celebration of peasant life, the pictures have a strong moral dimension too.

 

"The Wedding Feast" is a "collaborative modification" from CAPA components: James Burns & Carlos Re, signed and dated in 1997.

 

James Burns, talk us about the importance of the collaborative process between the components but also, with the same Pieter Brueghel, through time, resulting a collaborative work redefined 430 years later giving it a new perspective. Renaissance painting is well know for being an illusionist transmitter and difusser of life of that era, an aesthetic idea which was soon coupled with the idea of "the Albertian window", the creation of an illusion that for experimental artists of the Knistoff branch, remains open to the reinvention and critical recontextualization.

 

"The Wedding Feast" by Pieter Brueghel the Elder, c. 1567 (Oil on wood, 114 x 164 cm)

About Carlos Re (Argentina), we know that was member of the CAPA collective between 1993-1997, as well as the dutch artist Martin van Zomeren who participated very actively alongside Freddy and James during that period. Anyway, the story of Carlos is very mysterious because, since a trip to Spain in 2000, Freddy or James, never heard again from him. Neither in the circles of the Spanish Surrealism, Experimental Art, nor International Surrealism. His story reminds me a lot the Dada story of Arthur Cravan, missing in action and at the same time reinvented in any other kind of being. Luckily, we still have James and Freddy to remind us about this CAPA members and the way they contributed to the CAPA cultural heritage.

About James Burns, we can happily announce that he continues working actively in the CAPA Movement since he was invited by Freddy in 1994, and now become one of the strongest pillars of the Movement. Particularly, in this "collaborative modification" work, is pretty easy to identify the hand of James, in that white-bolds brushstrokes, very characteristic of his minimal style wide know between the CAPA components. The interest of J. Burns beyond CoBrA is the american type, the Action Painting and the Post-Painterly Abstraction Movements; being one of its most influential artist the minimal artist Robert Motherwell. Another link to CAPA History on hands of this Post-Minimal Automatic artist.

 

James Burns at his Studio in Seattle (June 14, 2019)

About the Collective Automatic Painting Amsterdam Group (1991-2021)

CAPA (from, Collective Automatic Painting Amsterdam) is an International and Experimental group of artists founded in the 90's by the chilean expat painter in Amsterdam Freddy Flores Knistoff and the dutch painter Rik Lina. At the beginning, the interest of the group was the development of the automatism itself and the practice of a new kind of painting "the collective automatic painting" inspired by the CoBrA group. The CAPA-type practice is a kind of painting-on-painting intervention where more than one painter can work simultaneously on the same painting to create a type of collective environment that operates in a new kind of collaborative experience and painting.

 

Some of the CAPA members working at Amsterdam in 1996. Left to right Dave Bobroske, James Burns, Jan Gilliam and the same Freddy Flores Knistoff.

 

Due to ideological differences of its founders, soon in 1997, after a big exhibition held at the Museum of Contemporary Art in Brazil, CAPA separated and re-formed into two different branchs, one led by Rik Lina and other led by Freddy Flores Knistoff (the one we develop here) which in words of Freddy Flores Knistoff, "did not mean a great change since personally; I never stopped working on this subject and sharing ideas with other artists and thinkers". While the branch of Rik Lina continued its links with the International Surrealism only. The Knistoff branch, in addition to participating with International Surrealism, also collaborated with other experimental movements of the artistic avant-gardes and above all, for the development of the automatism itself as an independent creative method.

F. F. Knistoff also was an active participant of the historical international movement of experimental artists called "Phases" and a good friend of Edouard Jaguer (who saw a great potential in his work), founder of this group and co-founder of CoBrA Movement. Many artists have worked alongside CAPA and throughout its history, contributing to the creation and development of this concept. Today, the Knistoff branch is more alive than ever through some historical members like James Burns (US) and José Estevao (Portugal) and, some other greatest artists and thinkers, like Jorge J Herrera Fuentealba (chilean-dutch), Marcos Vidal (Spain) and Patricio Álvarez Aragón (Spain).

The CAPA Knistoff branch has a long history that links it directly with the last european experimental movements that were developed after the II World War until today, as the mentioned Phases Group (founded by Edouard Jaguer in 1954), the Surrealist experimental current of the Lyrical Abstraction (The most automatic and experimental branch of the Surrealism), the International CoBrA Group (Karel Appel, Constant, Brands, Wolvecamp, Corneille, E. Jaguer, Alechisnky, Jorn, Dótremont...), Asger Jorn's ideas of the physical automatism and the modification method also investigated by Enrico Baj (founder of the Nuclear Movement). In addition, to the idea of collaboration in Art that the experimental circles promoted at "The International Ecounters of Albisola". All in all, you would be able to find more about Knistoff branch research in our digital archive and publications platorm (CAPA Editions, here).

The authenticity of CAPA lies in the fact that in each work created, more than two artists can participate/collaborate. This means that all participants can paint over the same canvas and simultaneosly, so we are allowed to paint over what someone else painted in favor of the final result (here it is very important to add that it is not a process of painting in the clean spots left by the other painter, but rather painting over it and killing a previous stroke, if necessary, and if the painting requires it. It is an infinite modification process). The creation process is silent, so we focus only on the painting and its final results (Process Art). Lately, CAPA has also been working a lot in the concepts of Modification Art, Appropriation Art, Détournement and Intervention Art as a complete experimental field. In addition to continuing with the collection of Artists Books (started in 2017) and the traditionals CAPA's "collective automatic paintings amsterdam" which we now also call "collaborative automatic paintings amsterdam".